第38问：推理满分！阅读解题技巧详解

包大人
2018年10月22日



做阅读题和做数学题唯一的共同点是：一不小心，就掉进了“花时间又读不懂”的坑。


然而掉坑的人多了，总会有防止掉坑的办法。今天，包大人就和少侠萌分享一下，如何多快好省地做阅读！






经包大人多年掉坑经验发现，造成大面积少侠掉坑的主要原因在于，解题步骤没走对——先读原文再看题干。

我们观察原文、题干、选项三者之间的关系可以发现，它们之间其实呈一个正三角（恋）关系。

所以，要节约时间，提高答题率，正确的阅读解题步骤，应该这样三步走：

1. 阅读题干，找出关键词
2. 快速浏览原文，定位对应的关键词
3. 理解原文关键词前后部分，匹配正确选项




在原文中，关键词和答案之间通常具备某种逻辑关系，而通常帮它俩拉关系的就是具体的关系词。



▍表转折的关系词

即“虽然…但是…”。


其中，“虽然”表示让步（后面的内容不太重要），“但是”表示强调（后面内容就很重要）。


常见的让步词： though, although, even though, nevertheless, despite, in spite of

常见的强调词： but, yet, however, conversely, still, otherwise



▍表因果的关系词

即“因为…所以…”。


其中，“因为”表示原因（后面的内容不太重要），“所以”表示结果（后面内容就很重要）。


常见表原因的词： because (of), thanks to, due to, in that

常见表结果的词： so, therefore, thus, thereby, consequently, as a result

常见表目的的词： to do, in order to, in order that, so that, for the purpose of




▍寻找解释或总结性的标点符号


标点原文中时常会用破折号“——”来插入解释或总结，用冒号“:”来引出解释或总结。这些地方经常都是答案所在。



▍寻找原文和选项中可以同义互换的部分


原文中没有找到能直接匹配选项的信息时，需要我们进一步结合上下文进行推理。一些阅读题中，甚至会出现虽然原文内容和选项没有明显关系，但却是同义互换，需要各位名侦探格外注意。



▍寻找段首段尾总结性的内容


文段的首尾经常都会对整段内容做归纳总结。所以，如果关键词出现在文段开头，但在上下文没有找到匹配选项的内容时，可以考虑跳转至文段最后，去找是否有总结，是否能匹配选项。



现在，记住这三个大点，和包大人一起来做个练习叭：

原文
People are being lured (引诱) onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service without realizing they're paying for it by giving up loads of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages.

题干
What do we learn about Facebook from the paragraph?

选项
A. It is a website that sends messages to targeted users.
B. It makes money by advertising its website.
C. It profits by selling its users' personal data.
D. It provides loads of information to its users.

我们的解题步骤应该是：

1.阅读题干，找出关键词
What do we learn about Facebook from the paragraph?

2. 快速浏览原文，找出对应关键词
People are being lured (引诱) onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service without realizing they're paying for it by giving up loads of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages.

3. 阅读关键词前后部分

4. 比较选项，发现同义互换词组，得出答案
People are being lured (引诱) onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service without realizing they're paying for it by giving up loads of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages.

A.It is a website that sends messages to targeted users.
B. It makes money by advertising its website.
C. It profits by selling its users' personal data.
D. It provides loads of information to its users.

同义互换：make money = profits (赚钱，盈利)


你问答案藏得有多深，就看你推理能力有几分。以上大概可以覆盖大多数的题型啦。

接下来，还要靠少侠萌自己去实际操练几套题，抓住正确解题的感觉。就是这样～